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An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決JS expression vs sta的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.

可羅素蛋白調控心肌細胞鈣離子恆定與電生理重塑

為了解決JS expression vs sta的問題，作者洪元 這樣論述：

前言:心房顫動(atrial fibrillation, AF)是一種常見的心律不整，會增加不良心血管事件的風險，例如心衰竭和中風。肺靜脈(pulmonary vein, PV)是誘發AF 異位搏動的重要來源。一些病生理狀況，如衰老、發炎、高血壓、冠狀動脈疾病、心衰竭和慢性腎臟病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)，可能導致細胞內鈣離子調控出現異常和結構重塑，導致AF的發生。可羅素蛋白(Klotho)是一種多功能蛋白，具有顯著的心血管作用，在CKD患者中血清裡的Klotho濃度較低。流行病學研究報導，較高的血清Klotho濃度與較少的AF 發生有關，而較低的血清Klot

ho濃度與終末期腎病患者的AF 發生相關。然而，關於Klotho在AF病理生理學中的作用並未被廣泛研究。磷酸肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinases, PI3K)是脂質激酶，而PI3K可以透過活化下游Akt等其他訊息傳遞路徑來調節鉀離子、鈉離子和鈣離子通道，在心肌細胞的心律不整中扮演至關重要的角色。部分研究顯示Klotho可以調控PI3K-Akt路徑改變細胞表現與離子流變化。目的:在這項研究中，我們假設Klotho可能透過PI3K-Akt訊息傳遞路徑調節離子電流和鈣離子恆定來調節PV 電生理特性，且這反應在CKD 的兔子中可能更為顯著。材料方法:我們使用傳統的微電極和

全細胞膜片鉗技術來研究Klotho給藥前後大白兔PV心肌組織和單一心肌細胞的動作電位和離子電流。並使用西方點墨法研究了PI3K-Akt訊息傳遞路徑。結果:Klotho在較高濃度（1.0 和 3.0 ng/mL）下顯著降低了PV組織的異位節律自動跳頻率。在存在Akt抑制劑(10 uM)的情況下，Klotho(1.0 和3.0 ng/mL)不會改變PV電生理活動。Klotho(1.0 ng/mL)顯著降低晚鈉離子電流(INa-Late)和L型鈣電流(ICa-L)，與 Akt 抑制劑(10 uM) 相似。西方點墨法顯示，與未經Klotho處理的心肌細胞相比，經Klotho (1.0 ng/mL)處理

的PV心肌細胞的Akt(Ser473)磷酸化較少。 與對照PV相比，低濃度（0.1 和0.3 ng/mL）的Klotho顯著降低了CKD PV的自動跳頻率並降低了去極化後延遲的幅度。結論:Klotho透過抑制PI3K-Akt訊息傳遞路徑來調節離子電流與改變PV 組織電生理活動，這些作用在CKD 組中比對照組更為明顯。這些發現可能為CKD誘導的心律不整發生提供新的見解。