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DK Eyewitness Barcelona Mini Map and Guide

為了解決葡萄的問題，作者Dk Eyewitness 這樣論述：

臺灣民眾攝食養殖文蛤之安全風險與健康效益評估

為了解決葡萄的問題，作者黃桂霞 這樣論述：

文蛤是國人經常食用的水產品，具有保肝、抗氧化、抗癌及降膽固醇等機能，但養殖環境之重金屬會蓄積於文蛤體中，並依其暴露濃度及暴露族群可能對攝食民眾造成不同程度之危害，因此民眾茫然於食用文蛤是利是弊?本研究採集彰化縣、雲林縣與臺南市之養殖文蛤生樣品24件、熟樣品25件，分別以感應耦合電漿質譜法分析其鎘、鉻、銅、鉛、鐵、錳、硒與鋅之濃度，以高效液相層析再以感應耦合電漿質譜法分析其無機砷與甲基汞之濃度，結合風險評估模式、國家攝食資料庫、美國國家環境保護局與美國加州環境保護局等相關數據，推估國人各年齡層攝取養殖文蛤之食品安全風險。結果顯示，熟文蛤之無機砷平均濃度 (0.609 mg/kg) 高於衛生福利

部食品藥物管理署訂定之食品中污染物質及毒素衛生標準限量標準 (0.5 mg/kg)。整體而言，各年齡層族群攝入文蛤中無機砷所造成之非致癌風險高於其他重金屬，以0-3歲與3-6歲族群為例，攝入熟文蛤中無機砷之危害商數分別為 1.29 與 1.13，可能對人體造成色素沉著症與角化症。此外，本研究亦評估各年齡層族群攝入文蛤中無機砷與鉛之致癌風險，其中無機砷對人體造成之致癌風險大於鉛，0-3歲攝入熟文蛤中無機砷之致癌風險為5.79×10-4，長期食用可能會造成罹患皮膚癌之風險。另一方面將文蛤樣品以0.05% 蛋白酶於37C水解12小時製備水解物 (Hard clam hydrolysate, HCH

)。體外試驗顯示35 mg/mL HCH具抗氧化活性，其清除DPPH能力相當於 117.49 μM Trolox、螯合亞鐵離子能力相當於 95.62 μg/mL EDTA、還原力相當於 97.26 μg/mL Vitamin C。2.19 μg/mL HCH之 α-amylase抑制率為21.75%，但不具α-glucosidase抑制活性。人類腸道Caco-2 細胞以2.19 μg/mL HCH 處理具抑制sucrase 活性 ，相當於 62.5 μg/mL Acarbose。人類肝臟HepG2細胞以HCH處理無法促進葡萄糖攝入，但2.19與17.50 µg/mL HCH可延緩油酸誘導之脂質

蓄積。綜上，除了0-3歲與3-6歲族群攝入熟文蛤中無機砷外，各年齡層攝入文蛤中重金屬之危害商數皆小於1，為可接受風險；各年齡層族群攝入文蛤中無機砷與鉛之致癌風險，皆為不可接受風險。然而，文蛤蛋白水解物具抗氧化、降血糖及延緩非酒精性脂肪肝等活性，建議各年齡層族群適量攝取，每人每週可攝入熟文蛤量，0-3歲、3-6歲、6-12歲、12-16歲、16-18歲、19-65歲、65歲以上分別為 0.95、1.51、2.77、4.22、4.61、4.94及4.66 g/週。本研究成果可提供各年齡層攝取臺灣養殖文蛤之每週建議攝取量、呈現該食用量養殖文蛤潛在之人體健康效益。

Pocket Rough Guide Lisbon (Travel Guide with Free Ebook)

為了解決葡萄的問題，作者Guides, Rough 這樣論述：

Discover the best of Lisbon with this compact, practical, entertaining Pocket Rough Guide with a free eBook. This slim, trim treasure trove of trustworthy travel information is ideal for travellers on short trips, and covers all the key sights such as Castelo de Sao Jorge, Mosteiro dos Jerónimos,

Praça do Comércio, restaurants, shops, cafes and bars, plus inspired ideas for day-trips, with honest independent recommendations from expert authors. The Pocket Rough Guide to LISBON covers: The Baixa and Rossio; The Sé, Castelo and Alfama; Chiado and Cais do Sodré; Bairro Alto and Sao Bento; Est

rela, Lapa and Santos; Alcantara and the docks; Belém and Ajuda; Avenida, Parque Eduardo VII and the Gulbenkian; Parque das Naçoes; Sintra; The Lisbon coast Inside this travel guide you will find: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EVERY TYPE OF TRAVELLER Experiences selected for every kind of trip to Lisbon, from

off-the-beaten-track adventures in Sintra to family activities in child-friendly places, like Cascais or chilled-out breaks in popular tourist areas, like Alfama. INCISIVE AREA-BY-AREA OVERVIEWSCovering Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Mercado da Ribeira, Torre de Belemand more, the practical Places sect

ion provides all you need to know about must-see sights and the best places to eat, drink, sleep and shop. TIME-SAVING ITINERARIESThe routes suggested by Rough Guides’ expert writers cover top attractions like Castelo de Sao Jorge and Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, and hidden gems like Museu do Fado and th

e Berardo Collection. DAY-TRIPSVenture further afield to Estoril or Sintra. This tells you why to go, how to get there, and what to see when you arrive. HONEST INDEPENDENT REVIEWSWritten with Rough Guides’ trademark blend of humour, honesty and expertise, our expert writers will help you make the mo

st of your trip to Lisbon. COMPACT FORMATPacked with pertinent practical information, this is a convenient companion when you’re out and about exploring Praça do Comércio, HANDY PULL-OUT MAPWith every major sight and listing highlighted, the pull-out map makes on-the-ground navigation easy. ATTRACTI

VE USER-FRIENDLY DESIGNFeatures fresh magazine-style layout, inspirational colour photography and colour-coded maps throughout. PRACTICAL TRAVEL TIPSIncludes invaluable background information on how to get to Lisbon, getting around, health guidance, tourist information, festivals and events, plus an

A-Z directory and a handy language section and glossary. FREE EBOOK Free eBook download with every purchase of a printed book to access all the content from your phone or tablet for on-the-road exploration.